Falconiform Language – Verbs (Basic)
This post contains information on the eight basic tenses
of regular and irregular verbs (of which there are five).
[Note: I’m constantly having difficulty making the type size and font on the headings match the norm for this document, and I’ve decided it’s a waste of time to try to fix it. It doesn’t affect the content.]
General Information
Infinitives begin with the syllable khe- and end with a vowel.
There are three regular conjugations, which end in -a, -i, -e. In !Ka<tá regular verbs are designated by the term n♪u<ít (normal).
There are five irregular verbs:
khe’ó↑ (to be)
kheno!o (to become, come to be, happen)
khe’astu (to be able)
khetsu’a (to speak, say)
khe<enemei’a (to know)
Verb tenses are present, past, future, present perfect, past perfect, future perfect, past future (conditional)
There are progressive and emphatic aspects, as well as imperative, subjunctive, and submissive moods (submissive is similar to passive voice in English). There are also modal auxiliaries (can, may, might, must, have to, should, ought to). All of these will be dealt with in later sections.
First, we’ll view some tables of regular verbs.
2nd person, all tenses, both familiar and formal: It’s permissible to omit the subject pronoun in normal spoken usage, since the verb form is so distinctive.
The general 3rd person pronouns (ven, one) take same verb forms as vei (it).
[Note: The !Ka<tí regard the form “you are” as first person, “he, she, it is” as second person, and “I am” as third person. It is considered polite to put oneself last and one’s conversation partner first. To make the information in the following tables easier for the English speaker to access, I’ve retained the familiar order of English pronouns.]
Regular Verbs: Present Tense
1st Conjugation: khebei’ala [to love]
| Singular | Plural | |
| 1st person | nei bei’ali (I love) | ♫nei ♫bei’ali (we love) |
| 2nd person familiar | gol bei’alo↑~ (you love, fam.) | ♫gol ♫bei’alo↑~ (you love, fam.) |
| 2nd person formal | go bei’aloda (you love, formal) | ♫go ♫bei’aloda (you love, formal) |
| 3rd person | !id bei’ala (he loves) !♪id bei’ala (she loves) vei bei’ala (it loves) |
♫!id ♫bei’ala (they love, pl. masc.) ♫!♪id ♫bei’ala (they love, pl. fem.) ♫vei ♫bei’ala (they love, mixed or unknown gender) |
When verb stem ends in a vowel, as in khetatei’a (to drink):
tatei’i, I drink
tatei’o↑~, you drink (fam.)
tatei’oda, you drink (formal)
tatei’a, all 3rd person sing.
2nd Conjugation: khe’atuni [to eat]
| Singular | Plural | |
| 1st person | nei atun (I eat) | ♫nei ♫atun (we eat) |
| 2nd person familiar | gol atunli↑~ (you eat, familiar) | ♫gol ♫atunli↑~ (you eat, familiar) |
| 2nd person formal | go atunilda (you eat, formal) | ♫go ♫atunilda (you eat, formal) |
| 3rd person: | !id atuni (he eats) !♪id atuni (she eats) vei atuni (it eats) |
♫!id ♫atuni (they eat, pl. masc.) ♫!♪id ♫atuni (they eat, pl. fem.) ♫vei ♫atuni (they eat, mixed or unknown gender) |
When verb stem ends in a vowel, as with kheko^i (to call or name):
ko^i, I name
ko^ili↑~, you name (fam.)
ko^ilda you name (formal)
ko^i, all 3rd person sing.
Another example, khe’a↔we’i (to thank):
a↔we’i, I thank
a↔weli↑~, you thank (fam.)
a↔we’ilda, you thank (formal)
a↔we’i, all 3rd person sing.
3rd Conjugation: kheto’ike [to see]
| Singular | Plural | |
| 1st person | nei to’ik (I see) | ♫nei ♫to’ik (we see) |
| 2nd person familiar | gol to’ikli↑~ (you see, familiar) | ♫gol ♫to’ikli↑~ (you see, fam.) |
| 2nd person formal | go to’ikolda (you see, formal) | ♫go ♫to’ikolda (you see, formal) |
| 3rd person: | !id to’iki (he sees) !♪id to’iki (she sees) vei to’iki (it sees) |
♫!id ♫to’iki (they see, pl. masc.) ♫!♪id ♫to’iki (they see, pl. fem.) ♫vei ♫to’iki (they see, mixed or unknown gender) |
When verb stem ends in a vowel, as with khem<dai’e (to hear):
m<dai’e, I hear
m<daili↑~, you hear (fam.)
m<dai’olda, you hear (formal)
m<dai’i, all 3rd person sing.
Regular Verbs, Past Tense
1st Conjugation: khebei’ala [to love]
| Singular | Plural | |
| 1st person | nei bei’alim (I loved) | ♫nei ♫bei’alim (we loved) |
| 2nd person fam | gol bei’alom↑~ (you loved, fam.) | ♫gol ♫bei’alom↑~ (you loved, fam.) |
| 2nd person form | go bei’alodam (you loved, formal) | ♫go ♫bei’alodam (you loved, formal) |
| 3rd person: | !id bei’alam (he loved) !♪id bei’alam (she loved) vei bei’alam (it loved) |
♫!id ♫bei’alam (they loved, pl. masc.) ♫!♪id ♫bei’alam (they loved, pl. fem.) ♫vei ♫bei’alam (they loved, mixed or unknown gender) |
When verb stem ends in a vowel, as in khetatei’a (to drink):
tatei’im, I drank
tatei’om↑~, you drank (fam.)
tatei’odam, you drank (formal)
tatei’am, all 3rd person sing.
2nd Conjugation: khe’atuni [to eat]
| Singular | Plural | |
| 1st person | nei atunim (I ate) | ♫nei ♫atunim (we ate) |
| 2nd person familiar | gol atunlim↑~ (you ate, fam.) | ♫gol ♫atunlim↑~ (you ate, fam.) |
| 2nd person formal | go atunildam (you ate, formal) | ♫go ♫atunildam (you ate, formal) |
| 3rd person: | !id atunim (he ate) !♪id atunim (she ate) vei atunim (it ate) |
♫!id ♫atunim (they ate, pl. masc.) ♫!♪id ♫atunim (they ate, pl. fem.) ♫vei ♫atunim (they ate, mixed or unknown gender) |
When verb stem ends in a vowel, as with kheko^i (to call or name):
ko^im, I named
ko^ilim↑~, you named (fam.)
ko^ildam you named (formal)
ko^im, all 3rd person sing.
Another example, khe’a↔we’i (to thank):
a↔we’im, I thanked
a↔welim↑~, you thanked (fam.)
a↔we’ildam, you thanked (formal)
a↔we’im, all 3rd person sing.
3rd Conjugation: kheto’ike [to see]
| Singular | Plural | |
| 1st person | nei to’ikem (I saw) | ♫nei ♫to’ikem (we saw) |
| 2nd person familiar | gol to’iklim↑~ (you saw, fam.) | ♫gol ♫to’iklim↑~ (you saw, fam.) |
| 2nd person formal | go to’ikoldam (you saw, formal) | ♫go ♫to’ikoldam (you saw, formal) |
| 3rd person: | !id to’ikim (he saw) !♪id to’ikim (she saw) vei to’ikim (it saw) |
♫!id ♫to’ikim (they saw, pl. masc.) ♫!♪id ♫to’ikim (they saw, pl. fem.) ♫vei ♫to’ikim (they saw, mixed or unknown gender) |
When verb stem ends in a vowel, as with khem<dai’e (to hear):
m<dai’em, I heard
m<dailim↑~, you heard (fam.)
m<dai’oldam, you heard (formal)
m<dai’im, all 3rd person sing.
Regular Verbs, Future Tense
Formed by prefixing oi- (same root as preposition oit, meaning “after” or “subsequent to”) to the complete infinitive root (except in case of 2nd person fam., where the present tense form is utilized). Same in all regular conjugations. When verb begins with a vowel, insert an apostrophe (see khe’atuni)
1st Conjugation: khebei’ala [to love]
| Singular | Plural | |
| 1st person | nei oibei’ala (I will love) | ♫nei ♫oibei’ala (we will love) |
| 2nd pers. fam | gol oibei’alo↑~ (you will love, fam.) | ♫gol ♫oibei’alo↑~ (you will love, fam.) |
| 2nd pers. form | go oibei’ala (you will love, formal) | ♫go ♫oibei’ala (you will love, formal) |
| 3rd person: | !id oibei’ala (he will love) !♪id oibei’ala (she will love)vei oibei’ala (it will love) |
♫!id ♫oibei’ala (they will love, pl. masc.) ♫!♪id ♫oibei’ala (they will love, pl. fem.) ♫vei ♫oibei’ala (they will love, mixed or unknown gender) |
2nd Conjugation: khe’atuni [to eat]
| Singular | Plural | |
| 1st person | nei oi’atuni (I will eat) | ♫nei ♫oi’atuni (we will eat) |
| 2nd pers. fam. | gol oi’atunli↑~ (you will eat, fam.) | ♫gol ♫oi’atunli↑~ (you will eat, fam.) |
| 2nd pers. form. | go oi’atuni (you will eat, formal) | ♫go ♫oi’atuni (you will eat, formal) |
| 3rd person: | !id oi’atuni (he will eat) !♪id oi’atuni (she will eat) vei oi’atuni (it will eat) |
♫!id ♫oi’atuni (they will eat, pl. masc.) ♫!♪id ♫oi’atuni (they will eat, pl. fem.) ♫vei ♫oi’atuni (they will eat, mixed or unknown gender) |
3rd Conjugation): kheto’ike [to see]
| Singular | Plural | |
| 1st person | nei oito’ike (I will see) | ♫nei ♫oito’ike (we will see) |
| 2nd person familiar | gol oito’ikli↑~ (you will see, fam.) | ♫gol ♫oito’ikli↑~ (you will see, fam.) |
| 2nd person formal | go oito’ike (you will see, formal) | ♫go ♫oito’ike (you will see, formal) |
| 3rd person: | !id oito’ike (he will see) !♪id oito’ike (she will see) vei oito’ike (it will see) |
♫!id ♫oito’ike (they will see, pl. masc.) ♫!♪id ♫oito’ike (they will see, pl. fem.) ♫vei ♫oito’ike (they will see, mixed or unknown gender) |
Irregular Verbs
In !Ka<tá the term for “irregular” is f♪u’an!t (varying, shifting).
Irregular Verb khe’ó↑ [to be]
Present Tense
| Singular | Plural | |
| 1st person | nei o↑ (I am) | ♫nei ♫o↑ (we are) |
| 2nd person familiar | gol oló↑~ (you are, familiar) | ♫gol ♫oló↑~ (you are, familiar) |
| 2nd person formal | go od↑ (you are, formal) | ♫go ♫od↑ (you are, formal) |
| 3rd person: | !id o’í↑ (he is) !♪id o’í↑ (she is) vei oví↑ (it is) |
♫!id ♫o’í↑ (they are, pl. masc.) ♫!♪id ♫o’í↑ (they are, pl. fem.) ♫vei ♫oví↑ (they are, mixed or unknown gender) |
Past Tense
| Singular | Plural | |
| 1st person | nei om↑ (I was) | ♫nei ♫om↑ (we were) |
| 2nd person familiar | gol olo’ím↑~ (you were, fam.) | ♫gol ♫olo’ím↑~ (you were, fam.) |
| 2nd person formal | go odlam↑ (you were, formal) | ♫go ♫odlam↑ (you were, formal) |
| 3rd person: | !id o’ím↑ (he was) !♪id o’ím↑ (she was) vei ovím↑ (it was) |
♫!id ♫o’ím↑ (they were, pl. masc.) ♫!♪id ♫o’ím↑ (they were, pl. fem.) ♫vei ♫ovím↑ (they were, mixed or unknown gender) |
Future Tense
| Singular | Plural | |
| 1st person | nei oi↑ (I will be) | ♫nei ♫oi↑ (we will be) |
| 2nd person familiar | gol oiló↑~ (you will be, familiar) | ♫gol ♫oiló↑~ (you will be, familiar) |
| 2nd person formal | go oid↑ (you will be, formal) | ♫go ♫oid↑ (you will be, formal) |
| 3rd person: | !id oi’í↑ (he will be) !♪id oi’í↑ (she will be) vei oiví↑ (it will be) |
♫!id ♫oi’í↑ (they will be, pl. masc.) ♫!♪id ♫oi’í↑ (they will be, pl. fem.) ♫vei ♫oiví↑ (they will be, mixed or unknown gender) |
Past Future Tense
| Singular | Plural | |
| 1st person | nei oim↑ (I would be) | ♫nei ♫oim↑ (we would be) |
| 2nd person familiar | gol oilo’ím↑~ (you would be, fam.) | ♫gol ♫oilo’ím↑~ (you would be, fam.) |
| 2nd person formal | go oidlam↑ (you would be, formal) | ♫go ♫oidlam↑ (you would be, formal) |
| 3rd person: | !id oi’ím↑ (he would be) !♪id oi’ím↑ (she would be) vei oivím↑ (it would be |
♫!id ♫oi’ím↑ (they would be, pl. masc.) ♫!♪id ♫oi’ím↑ (they would be, pl. fem.) ♫vei ♫oivím↑ (they would be, mixed or unknown gender) |
Irregular Verb kheno!o [to become, come to be, happen]
Based on the standard of khe’ó↑ (to be).
Present Tense
|
|
Singular |
Plural |
| 1st person | nei no! (I become) | ♫nei ♫no! (we become) |
| 2nd person familiar | gol no!ló↑~ (you become, familiar) | ♫gol ♫no!ló ↑~ (you become, familiar) |
| 2nd person formal | go nod (you become, formal) | ♫go ♫nod (you become, formal) |
| 3rd person: | !id no!í↑ (he becomes) !♪id no!í↑ (she becomes) vei no!ví↑ (it becomes) |
♫!id ♫ no↑! (they become, pl. masc.) ♫!♪id ♫no↑! (they become, pl. fem.) ♫vei ♫no!ví↑ (they become, mixed or unknown gender) |
Past Tense
|
|
Singular |
Plural |
| 1st person | nei nom! (I became) | ♫nei ♫nom! (we became) |
| 2nd person familiar | gol nolo!ím↑~ (you became, familiar) | ♫gol ♫nolo!ím↑~ (you became, familiar) |
| 2nd person formal | go nodlam↑ (you became, formal) | ♫go ♫nodlam↑ (you became, formal) |
| 3rd person: | !id no!ím↑ (he became) !♪id no!ím↑ (she became) vei no!vím↑ (it became) |
♫!id ♫ no!ím↑ (they became, pl. masc.) ♫!♪id ♫no!ím↑ (they became, pl. fem.) ♫vei ♫no!vím↑ (they became, mixed or unknown gender) |
Future Tense
|
|
Singular |
Plural |
| 1st person | nei noi! (I will become) | ♫nei ♫noi! (we will become) |
| 2nd person familiar | gol nolo!ím↑~ (you will become, familiar) | ♫gol nolo!ím↑~ (you will become, familiar) |
| 2nd person formal | go noid↑ (you will become, formal) | ♫go ♫noid↑ (you will become, formal) |
| 3rd person: | !id noi!í↑ (he will become) !♪id noi!í↑ (she will become) vei noi!ví↑ (it will become) |
♫!id ♫noi!í↑ (they will become, pl. masc.) ♫!♪id ♫noi!í↑ (they will become, pl. fem.) ♫vei ♫noi!ví↑ (they will become, mixed or unknown gender) |
Irregular Verb khe’astu [to be able]
As in Inj, khe’astu is followed by the infinitive. Could in the meaning of possibility is a different construction and will be discussed later (I could go, but I don’t wish to [It’s possible that I go … ])
Examples of usage
Nei at kheni’afa vri oitzi↔! zo ♫go’o] : I can leave with you tomorrow [i.e., I can leave at tomorrow with you].
!id atím khetatei’a !i trilowa↑~ vral<↔ !id o’ím↑ t♪ift uzá !id narr atí ekhnu!] :
He could drink [the] trilowa↑~ when he was young, but he cannot now.
Present Tense
|
|
Singular |
Plural |
| 1st person | nei at (I am able, I can) | ♫nei ♫at (we are able, we can) |
| 2nd person familiar | gol atló↑~ (you are able, you can, familiar) | ♫gol ♫atló↑~ (you are able, you can, familiar) |
| 2nd person formal | go stod (you are able, you can, formal) | ♫go ♫stod (you are able, you can, formal) |
| 3rd person: | !id atí (he is able, he can) !♪id atí (she is able, she can) vei así (it is able, it can) |
♫!id ♫atí (they are able, they can, pl. masc.) ♫!♪id ♫atí (they are able, they can, pl. fem.) ♫vei ♫así (they are able, they can, mixed or unknown gender) |
Past Tense
|
|
Singular |
Plural |
| 1st person | nei atim (I was able; I could) | ♫nei ♫atim (we were able; I could) |
| 2nd person familiar | gol atlim↑~ (you were able, you could, fam.) | ♫gol ♫atlim↑~ (you were able; you could, fam.) |
| 2nd person formal | go (you were able, you could, formal) | ♫go ♫stilda (you were able; you could, formal) |
| 3rd person: | !id atím (he was able; he could) !♪id atím (she was able; she could) vei asím (it was able; it could) |
♫!id ♫atím (they were able; they could, pl. masc.) ♫!♪id ♫atím (they were able; they could, pl. fem.) ♫vei ♫asím (they are able; they could, mixed or unknown gender) |
Future Tense
The standard prefix oi- is attached to the present tense forms:
nei oi’at (I will be able), etc.
The Past Future Tense: oi- is added to the Past Tense:
Nei !ungt fi ♫nei ♫oi’atim khetsu’a !i tsurotai↑ i’úta’úta♪] :
I wish that we would be able [could] to speak each other’s language.
Irregular Verb khetsu’a [to speak, say]
Forms which deviate from the norm are shown in Bold. Takes dative case (as: I spoke to him).
Present Tense
| Singular | Plural | |
| 1st person | nei tsu’i (I speak) | ♫nei ♫tsu’i (we speak) |
| 2nd person familiar | gol tsu’o↑~ (you speak, fam.) | ♫gol ♫tsu’o↑~ (you speak, fam.) |
| 2nd person formal | go tsuda (you speak, formal) | ♫go ♫tsuda (you speak, formal) |
| 3rd person | !id tsu’a (he speaks) !♪id tsu’a (she speaks) vei tsuva (it speaks) |
♫!id ♫tsu’a (they speak, pl. masc.) ♫!♪id ♫tsu’a (they speak, pl. fem.) ♫vei ♫tsuva (they speak, mixed or unknown) |
Past Tense
| Singular | Plural | |
| 1st person | nei tsu’ím (I spoke) | ♫nei ♫tsu’ím (we spoke) |
| 2nd person familiar | gol tsu’om↑~ (you spoke, fam.) | ♫gol ♫tsu’om↑~ (you spoke, fam.) |
| 2nd person formal | go tsudam (you spoke, formal) | ♫go ♫tsudam (you spoke, formal) |
| 3rd person | !id tsu’am (he spoke) !♪id tsu’am (she spoke) vei tsuvam (it spoke) |
♫!id ♫tsu’am (they spoke, pl. masc.) ♫!♪id ♫tsu’am (they spoke, fem.) ♫vei ♫tsuvam (they spoke, mixed or unknown) |
Future Tense
Formed with the prefixes oi- and ♫oi-, which are inserted in the present tense forms rather than the root.
Examples
Nei oitsu’i (I will speak)
Go oitsuda (you will speak)
Vei oitsuva (it will speak)
etc.
Irregular Verb khe<enemei’a [to know]
Forms which deviate from the norm are shown in Bold.
Present Tense
| Singular | Plural | |
| 1st person | nei <enemei (I know) | ♫nei ♫<enemei (we know) |
| 2nd person familiar | gol <enemei’o↑~ (you know, fam.) | ♫gol ♫<enemei’o↑~ (you know, fam.) |
| 2nd person formal | go <enemoda (you know, formal) | ♫go ♫<enemoda (you know, formal) |
| 3rd person | !id <enemei’a (he knows) !♪id <enemei’a (she knows) vei <enemei’a (it knows) |
♫!id ♫<enemei’a (they know, pl. masc.) ♫!♪id ♫<enemei’a (they know, pl. fem.) ♫vei ♫<enemei’a (they know, mixed or unknown) |
Past Tense
| Singular | Plural | |
| 1st person | nei <enemeim (I knew) | ♫nei ♫<enemeim (we knew) |
| 2nd person familiar | gol <enemei’om↑~ (you knew, fam.) | ♫gol ♫<enemei’om↑~ (you knew, fam.) |
| 2nd person formal | go <enemodam (you knew, formal) | ♫go ♫<enemodam (you knew, formal) |
| 3rd person | !id <enemei’am (he knew) !♪id <enemei’am (she knew) vei <enemei’am (it knew) |
♫!id ♫<enemei’am (they knew, pl. masc.) ♫!♪id ♫<enemei’am (they knew, pl. fem.) ♫vei ♫<enemei’am (they knew, mixed or unknown) |
Future Tense (based on present tense forms instead of root)
| Singular | Plural | |
| 1st person | nei oi<enemei (I will know) | ♫nei ♫oi<enemei (we will know) |
| 2nd person familiar | gol oi<enemei’o↑~ (you will know, fam.) | ♫gol ♫oi<enemei’o↑~ (you will know, fam.) |
| 2nd person formal | go oi<enemoda (you will know, formal) | ♫go ♫oi<enemoda (you will know, formal) |
| 3rd person: | !id oi<enemei’a (he will know) !♪id oi<enemei’a (she will know) vei oi<enemei’a (it will know) |
♫!id ♫oi<enemei’a (they will know, pl. masc.) ♫!♪id ♫oi<enemei’a (they will know, pl. fem.)♫vei oi<enemei’a (they will know, mixed or unknown) |
Perfect Tenses (Table of Samples)
The perfect tenses (present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect) are formed by adding a drawn out whistle (<↔) to the present, past, future, and past future indicative (q.v.). For irregular infinitives, the same holds true. Auxiliaries are not used to form perfect tenses.
The perfect infinitive is similarly formed by adding <↔ to the standard infinitive: khejiku↔i (to develop); khejiku↔i<↔ (to have developed).
Examples
To love (khebei’ala)
| Present perfect, I have loved | nei bei’ali<↔ |
| Past perfect, I had loved | nei bei’alim<↔ |
| Future perfect, I will have loved | nei oibei’ala<↔ |
| Past future perfect, I would have loved | nei oibei’alim<↔ |
To be (khe’ó↑)
| Present perfect, he has been | !id o’í↑<↔ |
| Past perfect, he had been | !id o’ím↑<↔ |
| Future perfect, he will have been | !id oi’í↑<↔ |
| Past future perfect, he would have been | !id oi’ím↑<↔ |
Past Future Tense
In English, this uses would as past tense of will. It expresses an action that is represented as being in the future starting from a past time, e.g., He promised that he would try; He said that he would go. Shall and will, should and would, are not distinguished in !Ka<tá.
This form is used in conditional sentences with the subjunctive.
The Past Future Tense is formed like the Future, except that oi- is added to the Past Tense of the root.
For Past Future of To Be, see Tables of Irregular Conjugations above. The other irregular verbs are formed regularly in the Past Future Tense.
1st Conjugation (Regular): khebei’ala [to love]
| Singular | Plural | |
| 1st person | nei oibei’alim (I would love) | ♫nei ♫oibei’alim (we would love) |
| 2nd person fam | gol oibei’alom↑~ (you would love, fam.) | ♫gol ♫oibei’alom↑~ (you would love, fam.) |
| 2nd person form | go oibei’alodam (you would love, formal) | ♫go ♫oibei’alodam (you would love, formal) |
| 3rd person: | !id oibei’alam (he would love) !♪id oibei’alam (she would love) vei oibei’alam (it would love) |
!id ♫oibei’alam (they would love, pl. masc.) ♫!♪id ♫oibei’alam (they would love, pl. fem.) ♫vei ♫oibei’alam (they would love, mixed or unknown gender) |
2nd Conjugation (Regular): khe’atuni [to eat]
| Singular | Plural | |
| 1st person | nei oi’atunim (I would eat) | ♫nei ♫oi’atunim (we would eat) |
| 2nd person familiar | gol oi’atunlim↑~ (you would eat, fam.) | ♫gol ♫oi’atunlim↑~ (you would eat, fam.) |
| 2nd person formal | go oi’atunilda (you would eat, formal) | ♫go ♫oi’atunilda (you would eat, formal) |
| 3rd person: | !id oi’atunim (he would eat) !♪id oi’atunim (she would eat) vei oi’atunim (it would eat) |
♫!id ♫oi’atunim (they would eat, pl. masc.) ♫!♪id ♫oi’atunim (they would eat, pl. fem.) ♫vei ♫oi’atunim (they would eat, mixed or unknown gender) |
3rd Conjugation (Regular): kheto’ike [to see]
| Singular | Plural | |
| 1st person | nei oito’ikem (I would see) | ♫nei ♫oito’ikem (we would see) |
| 2nd person familiar | gol oito’iklim↑~ (you would see, fam.) | ♫gol ♫oito’iklim↑~ (you would see, fam.) |
| 2nd person formal | go oito’ikoldam (you would see, formal) | ♫go ♫oito’ikoldam (you would see, formal) |
| 3rd person: | !id oito’ikim (he would see) !♪id oito’ikim (she would see) vei oito’ikim (it would see) |
♫!id ♫oito’ikim (they would see, pl. masc.) ♫!♪id ♫oito’ikim (they would see, pl. fem.) ♫vei ♫oito’ikim (they would see, mixed or unknown gender) |