{"id":153,"date":"2012-04-15T13:07:34","date_gmt":"2012-04-15T13:07:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/remembrancer.conlang.org\/?page_id=153"},"modified":"2012-05-12T21:41:40","modified_gmt":"2012-05-12T21:41:40","slug":"shshi-grammar","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/remembrancer.conlang.org\/?page_id=153","title":{"rendered":"Shshi Grammar"},"content":{"rendered":"

This page will be supplemented as needed.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

INDIRECT OBJECTS
\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong>There is no dative case.\u00a0 <\/span>Prepositional phrases are always employed for these constructions.<\/span><\/p>\n

Examples
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/span>The Worker brought him<\/strong> the rock [The Worker it brought the rock to him<\/strong>]:\u00a0 <\/span>om\u2019zei|\u21c6 fa\u2019faot|\u21bb ka\u2019zi| ya| ma\u2019a|<\/strong> ||
\n<\/em><\/span><\/span>Ask him if he knows her [Ask to him<\/strong> ask if he knows her]:\u00a0 <\/span>!two|\u00a1 ya| ma\u2019a|<\/strong> two| \u21bb jei| ma\u2019preivo| \u21bb ta\u2019a| ||
\n<\/em><\/span><\/span>OR another permissible word order:\u00a0 <\/span>Ask if he knows her to him:\u00a0 <\/span>!two|\u00a1 \u21bb jei| ma\u2019preivo| \u21bb ta\u2019a| ya| ma\u2019a| <\/strong>||<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\n<\/em>SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS, RELATIVE PRONOUNS<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span>That, Which, Who<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0 In English the word\u201cthat\u201d can be a subordinate conjunction or a relative pronoun that\u00a0lacks case forms.\u00a0 <\/span>\u201cWhich\u201d is a relative pronoun that also has no case forms, but it can be used in the possessive sense by saying \u201cof which.\u201d\u00a0 <\/span>\u201cWho\u201d is a relative pronoun that has cases: nominative (\u201cwho\u201d), objective (\u201cwhom\u201d), and possessive(\u201cwhose\u201d).<\/span><\/p>\n

That (s<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>ubordinate conjunction)<\/strong>:\u00a0 <\/span>tu|
\n<\/em><\/span><\/span>Never omitted as is done often in English.\u00a0 <\/span>The subordinate clause is handled as a direct object in these examples.<\/span><\/p>\n

Examples
\n<\/strong><\/span>I will tell them that<\/strong> he died [To them I will tell that<\/strong> he died]:\u00a0 <\/span>ya| shfa\u2019a| sho\u2019u\u2019galto| \u21bb tu|<\/strong> ma\u2019weiot| ||<\/em>\u00a0 <\/span>[This also presents another example of the indirect object.]
\n<\/span>I\u00a0predict that<\/strong> they will return soon: sho\u2019a\u2019nei\u2019galto|\u21bb tu|<\/strong> shfa\u2019u\u2019timo|<\/em> gli\u2019il| ||<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Other subordinate conjunctions (although [a\u2019weit|<\/em>], because [i\u2019fi|<\/em>], until [sa|<\/em>], while [zos\u2019a|<\/em>], etc.) are handled exactly like tu<\/em>|.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

That, Which, Who (Whom) (r<\/span><\/span><\/strong>elative pronoun (nominative and objective)<\/strong>:\u00a0 <\/span>vi|<\/em> (same word used for all English forms)<\/span><\/div>\n

Examples (nominative)
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/span>I have the stone that [which]<\/strong> broke:\u00a0 <\/span>sho\u2019tai|\u21bb ka\u2019zi vi|<\/strong> fai\u2019vakot| ||
\n<\/em><\/span><\/span>They do not want to move the stones, which<\/strong> are very large: shfa\u2019laio| wei|\u21c5veimo| \u21bb shka\u2019zi| vi|<\/strong> shshe| \u21b3da\u2019no\u2019no| ||
\n<\/em><\/span><\/span>It is the one who<\/strong> died:\u00a0 <\/span>fash|\u21bbkwi\u2019sho\u2019zei| vi|<\/strong> fa\u2019weiot| ||<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Examples (objective)
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/span>The rock that<\/strong> I saw was large [That<\/strong> I saw rock was large:]\u00a0 <\/span>vi|<\/strong> sho\u2019teiot| ka\u2019zi|\u21c6 shet|\u21b3 da\u2019no| ||
\n<\/em><\/span><\/span>That Worker is the person whom<\/strong> I know:\u00a0 <\/span>ku\u2019o| om\u2019zei|<\/em> \u21c6 fash|\u21bb kwi\u2019sho\u2019zei| vi|<\/strong> sho\u2019preivo| ||<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[In the case of \u201cto be,\u201d vi<\/em>| is considered a specified subject and the verb\u2019s pronominal prefix may be omitted, as in the example above: \u201cwhich are very large\u201d (vi| shshe| <\/em>[not shfa\u2019she<\/em>] \u21b3 da\u2019no\u2019no|<\/em>)]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Whom (variant objective case)<\/strong>: vik|
\n<\/em><\/span><\/span>Used for objects of prepositions and for forming possessives.\u00a0 Interrogative use of “whom” will be treat elsewhere.<\/span><\/p>\n

Object of preposition
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/span>Examples
\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong>That Worker is the person with whom<\/strong> I came:\u00a0 <\/span>ku\u2019o| om\u2019zei|<\/em> \u21c6 fash|\u21bb kwi\u2019sho\u2019zei| o| vik|<\/strong> sho\u2019krovot| ||
\n<\/em><\/span><\/span>The Alate to whom<\/strong> I gave the fungus is that one there [To whom<\/strong> I gave the fungus Alate [he] is that one there]: ya| vik|<\/strong> sho\u2019vaiot|\u21bb wi| yo\u2019a\u2019zei| \u21c6 ma\u2019she| \u21bb\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/span>ku\u2019o\u2019zei| i\u2019tha| ||<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Possessive use (w<\/strong>hose, of whom, of which):<\/strong> ki\u2019vik|
\n<\/em><\/span><\/span>Examples
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/span>The Alate whose wings are dull cannot serve the Mother [Of whom wings are dull alate cannot serve Mother]:\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>ki\u2019vik| shtuk\u2019zei| \u21c6 shshe| \u21b3 wei\u2019mor|\u00a0 <\/span>yo\u2019a\u2019zei| \u21c6 fa\u2019paho| wei|\u21c5 reigo| \u21bb ma\u2019na\u2019ta| ||
\n<\/em><\/span><\/span>We cast out those whose work is done badly:\u00a0 <\/span>shsho\u2019gar\u2019shaio|\u21bb\u00a0 shku\u2019o\u2019zei<\/em>| ki\u2019vik| om\u2019zi| \u21c6 she|\u21b3 da\u2019shu| a\u2019thel\u2019il| ||<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This page will be supplemented as needed. INDIRECT OBJECTS There is no dative case.\u00a0 Prepositional phrases are always employed for these constructions. Examples The Worker brought him the rock [The Worker it brought the rock to him]:\u00a0 om\u2019zei|\u21c6 fa\u2019faot|\u21bb ka\u2019zi| ya| ma\u2019a| || Ask him if he knows her [Ask to him ask if he […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-153","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/remembrancer.conlang.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/153","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/remembrancer.conlang.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/remembrancer.conlang.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/remembrancer.conlang.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/remembrancer.conlang.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=153"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"http:\/\/remembrancer.conlang.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/153\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":175,"href":"http:\/\/remembrancer.conlang.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/153\/revisions\/175"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/remembrancer.conlang.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=153"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}